Histopathology and cytology

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    Histopathological and cytology -M1NP -S2 Forum

• Chapter 1. Basics of Histopathology and cytology

  Table of Contents

  1. Aim of the anatomopathological examination
  2. Types of sampling
  3. Standard" technique (various stages)
  4. Extemporaneous examination
  5. Immunohistochemistry

  Chapter 1. Intoduction
  

  Histopathology involves the study of tissue and Cytopathology involves the study of cells, both of which are derived from various organs of the human body. Histopathology and Cytopathology Department plays a key role in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of benign and malignant diseases.

  What is the link between histopathology and pathology?

  Histopathology is the study of tissues (histology) and cells (cytology) and usually includes morbid anatomy (autopsies). Many refer to this specialty as Cellular Pathology. Because of the autopsies histopathologists are the doctors the general public think of as pathologists.
  

     
  

  What is the difference between a pathologist and a cytopathologist?

  The area specifically analyzing body fluids is called Cytopathology, and the area devoted to studying causes of death is Forensic Pathology. Clinical Pathology, also known as Laboratory Medicine, focuses on the examination of blood and other body samples for functional abnormalities.
  

  Is Cytopathology the same as histopathology?

  Cytology and histology are different branches of pathology. Cytology generally involves looking at individual cells or clusters of cells. Histology involves examining an entire section of tissue, which contains many types of cells.
  

       
  

  What are the two main types of pathology?

  • Anatomical Pathology. Anatomical pathology is the study of the parts of the body that can be seen using the human eye. ...
  • Clinical Pathology. Clinical pathology involves studying tissues and fluids from living people in order to find out what disease they are suffering from. ...
  • Molecular Pathology.

  
  

  • Cytopathology (cytology)

  Cytopathology (cytology) is a common method for determining a diagnosis in the medical world. Cytology tests use small amounts of bodily tissue or fluid in order to examine certain types of cells. Healthcare providers can use cytology tests for almost all areas of your body.
  

  • Histopathology

  Histopathology is the diagnosis and study of diseases of the tissues, and involves examining tissues and/or cells under a microscope. Histopathologists are responsible for making tissue diagnoses and helping clinicians manage a patient's care.
  

     

             
  
  

  Definition

  Anatomocytopathology (Ana-Path):

  Medical discipline that studies lesions caused by or associated with diseases, on organs, tissues or cells using techniques based mainly on macroscopic and microscopic morphology.

  These are:

  • lesions directly induced by the aggressive agent.
  • and morphological changes linked to the body's reaction.

  General pathological anatomy: 

   description of the major pathological processes 

  • Inflammation, 
  • Vascular pathologies, 
  • Metabolic pathologies, 
  • Overload diseases, 
  • Tumour pathologies.

  Special pathological anatomy: 

  The study of specific organ pathologies or diseases (tumours, inflammatory diseases, etc.).

  Purpose of anatomopathological examination

  1. Diagnosis
  2. Etiology
  3. Prognosis (Tm)
  4. Therapeutic effect
  5. Surveillance
  6. Epidemiology
  7. Research   

  Diagnosis: 

  • precise lesion diagnosis
  • description of associated lesions 

  Aetiological approach: 

  • orienting or confirming the aetiology of a pathological process 

  e.g. orientation signs of drug-induced hepatitis
  

  e.g. viral inclusion.
  

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• Section 10