Key Points to Remember

Chapter 1: Types of Morphemes

Subtitle: Free vs. Bound Morphemes

• Free morphemes: Can stand alone (e.g., “book”, “run”).
• Bound morphemes: Must attach to other morphemes (e.g., “-ness”, “un-”).

Key Examples:

• “Teacher” = "teach” (free) + “-er” (bound, derivational).
• "Cats" = "cat" (free) + “-s” (bound, inflectional).

Chapter 2: Word Formation Processes

Subtitle: How New Words Are Created

1. Derivation: Adding prefixes/suffixes (e.g., "happy" → "unhappy").
2. Compounding: Combining words (e.g., "sun" + "flower" = "sunflower").
3. Blending: Merging parts (e.g., "brunch" = breakfast + lunch).
4. Clipping: Shortening (e.g., "advertisement" → "ad").

Chapter 3: Key Rules in Morphology

Subtitle: How Morphemes Combine

• Inflectional rules: Add grammar info (e.g., "-ed" for past tense).
• Derivational rules: Change meaning/word class (e.g., "-ness" turns adjectives into nouns).