1. Morphology

Chapter 1: Types of Morphemes

Subtitle: Free vs. Bound Morphemes

  • Free morphemes: Can stand alone (e.g., “book”, “run”).
  • Bound morphemes: Must attach to other morphemes (e.g., “-ness”, “un-”).

Key Examples:

  • “Teacher” = "teach” (free) + “-er” (bound, derivational).
  • "Cats" = "cat" (free) + “-s” (bound, inflectional).

Chapter 2: Word Formation Processes

Subtitle: How New Words Are Created

  1. Derivation: Adding prefixes/suffixes (e.g., "happy" → "unhappy").
  2. Compounding: Combining words (e.g., "sun" + "flower" = "sunflower").
  3. Blending: Merging parts (e.g., "brunch" = breakfast + lunch).
  4. Clipping: Shortening (e.g., "advertisement" → "ad").

Chapter 3: Key Rules in Morphology

Subtitle: How Morphemes Combine

  • Inflectional rules: Add grammar info (e.g., "-ed" for past tense).
  • Derivational rules: Change meaning/word class (e.g., "-ness" turns adjectives into nouns).