Contrastive Analysis and Second Language Acquisition

2. Theoretical Foundations and Basic Terminology

Contrastive analysis draws upon various linguistic theories, each contributing distinct terminology and analytical frameworks. Key concepts include:

• Linguistic systems: Structured sets of elements and rules that constitute a language
• Linguistic universals: Features common to all human languages
• Language-specific features: Elements unique to particular languages
• Equivalence: The degree to which linguistic elements in different languages correspond functionally or structurally
• Tertium comparationis: The common platform or standard of reference used as the basis for comparison
• Transfer: The influence of one language system on another during acquisition or use

These concepts form the theoretical foundation upon which systematic contrastive analysis is built, allowing for rigorous examination beyond superficial observations of language differences.