Arithmetic (and number) vocabulary

Aritmétique / Arithmetic

• chiffre / digit
• crible (d’Eratosthène) / sieve (of Eratosthenes)
• critère de divisibilité / divisibility rule
  • The basic rule for divisibility by 4 is that if the number formed by the last two digits in a number is divisible by 4, the original number is divisible by 4
• division euclidienne / Euclidean division or division with remainder
  • In arithmetic, Euclidean division – or division with remainder – is the process of dividing one integer (the dividend) by another (the divisor), in a way that produces a quotient and a remainder smaller than the divisor.
• division posée / long division
• entiers premiers entre eux / coprime, relatively prime integers or mutually prime
  • In mathematics, two integers a and b are coprime if the only positive integer that is a divisor of both of them is 1
• équation diophantienne / diophantine equation
• Inverse et opposé : Attention
  
  • inverse multiplicatif / multiplicative inverse or reciprocal
  • opposé / additive inverse
• multiple / multiple
  • For the quantities a and b, it can be said that b is a multiple of a if b=na$b=na$ for some integer n, which is called the multiplier.
    If a is not zero, this is equivalent to saying that ba${\displaystyle \frac{b}{a}}$ is an integer.
• ordre croissant / ascending or increasing order
• ordre décroissant / descending or decreasing order
• plus grand diviseur commun (PGCD) / greateast common divisor (GCD)
• plus petit diviseur commun (PPCM) / least common divisor (LCM)
• rapport / ratio
• reste de la division euclidienne / remainder

Set of numbers

• décimal / decimal
• entiers naturels
  
  • Whole numbers {0,1,2,3,...}
  • Natural numbers {1,2,3,...} ou counting numbers
    • Some definitions begin the natural numbers with 0, corresponding to the non-negative integers 0, 1, 2, 3, ..., whereas others start with 1, corresponding to the positive integers 1, 2, 3, ...Texts that exclude zero from the natural numbers sometimes refer to the natural numbers together with zero as the whole numbers, while in other writings, that term is used instead for the integers (including negative integers)
• entier relatif / integer
• impair / odd
• pair / even
• premier / prime
• rationnel, irrationnel / rational, irrationnal
• réel / real

Fraction / fraction

• dividende, diviseur / dividend, divisor
• fraction irréductible / Irreducible fraction, simple fraction (or fraction in lowest terms, simplest form or reduced fraction)
  • An irreducible fraction is a fraction in which the numerator and denominator are integers that have no other common divisors than 1
• numérateur, dénominateur / numerator, denominator
• simplifier (une fraction) / to cancel