Gastro-Intestinal System
Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
The Pain: Describes the typical burning chest pain (heartburn) caused by stomach acid flowing back into the oesophagus.
Swallowing: Focuses on difficulty or discomfort when swallowing (dysphagia), a common symptom in GERD.
Bowel Habit: Discusses possible changes in bowel habits that may be indirectly linked to digestive discomfort or medication use.
Abdominal Distension: Covers the sensation of bloating or fullness often associated with delayed gastric emptying or gas accumulation.
Rectal Bleeding
- Symptoms: Identifies visible blood in the stool, anaemia, or other related complaints.
- Jaundice: Explores how liver-related conditions may be linked to rectal bleeding in certain systemic diseases.
- Risk Factors: Lists common causes such as haemorrhoids, colorectal cancer, or inflammatory bowel disease.
- Gastrointestinal Conditions: Provides an overview of underlying GI disorders that can lead to bleeding, including ulcers or diverticulosis.
Clinical Examination
- Inspection: Observing the patient’s general appearance, skin colour, and abdominal shape for visible signs.
- Percussion/Auscultation: Percussion for detecting fluid or gas; auscultation for bowel sounds or vascular bruits.
- Digital Rectal Examination: A manual exam to assess the rectum for masses, tenderness, or blood.
Investigations
- Alimentary Tract: Refers to general diagnostic approaches used to assess the esophagus, stomach, and intestines.
- Endoscopic Examination: Focuses on techniques like gastroscopy and colonoscopy used to visually inspect the digestive tract.
- Biology (Tests): Includes blood tests, stool tests, and other lab investigations to detect inflammation, infection, or anaemia.