- Read the last statement in the first paragraph, comment on the meaning of the statement. In what way is the founding of the colonies in America related to a religious group?
Historically it is known that America was founded by immigrants who have travelled and settled in the continent after its discovery. The puritans as a prosecuted group were among the first to travel to this country and settle. They proclaimed their independence and first democratic government on the Mayflower, the ship that has led them to America. Upon their arrival, they started the first free government in the continent while the other immigrants were considered British and French colonists. Even though their government did not sustain, the Puritans are still considered as the father in America. More information on: Of Plymouth Plantation
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What were the main drives of the rise of Puritanism?
The drives that have led to the rise of Puritanism are the following:
The return to Roman catholicism by Queen Mary.
The self-exile of the Protestants.
John Calvin's model of the disciplined church in Geneva.
The Publication of the Geneva Bible and John Foxe’s Book of Martyrs which drove the English Protestants to view England as an elect nation chosen by God.
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In line 3 of the second paragraph we learn that the protestants are forced into exile. Based on this statement, what information is implicitly provided to the reader in this line?
The information that is provided here is that the puritans were prosecuted and shunned by the monarchs because of their thoughts and beliefs. They were thus forced into exile.
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What does the concept "the elect nation of God" mean?
It is a concept derived from the bible and holy texts which means that God has a preferred land and a "chosen" people.
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Read the second paragraph and explain what the reformation means and what has led the protestants towards it.
The reformation sought to reestablish the values of the church, te reform and to discipline the church like the example of John Calvin in Geneva. It is viewed as a misison from God to the elect according to the text.
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Read the third paragraph and explain the following statement "saught parliamentary support for an effort to institute a special form of polity for the Church of England". What does the term "institute" mean in this context? What does the term "polity" mean? (Use the dictionary when you are unable to provide answers)
The statement denotes that the religious group was looking for legal support through the parliament, thus make their activity politically legal and avoid conflicts with the monarchs and those who detain power. "Institute" in this statement means to install or to fix a set of rules or laws. The term "polity" in this sense refers to a particular system, or discipline for the church. The term polity actually means: an organized society; or civil form of government.
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In what way are the Separatists different than the Puritans?
The separatists had the same motives as the puritans, yet they were bothered by the delay their requests were subjected to in the parliament, thus they decided to start action. They rejected (the text uses the word "repudiated" in the same meaning) the governmental church and built their own congregations (which are religious groups who sometimes have self-government). They were repressed by the government.
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Was English Puritanism successful? Why?
The last statement in the text says " English Puritanism turned to preaching, pamphlets, and a variety of experiments in religious expression and in social behaviour and organization. Its growth also owed much to patrons among the nobility and in Parliament and its control of colleges and professorships at Oxford and Cambridge" This statement means that the movement was successful but not on its own. The movement was backed by officials and people who held good positions (like patrons, parliament members, colleges, etc)
- Think about the general theme of the text and explain it in a few lines, including: The position of the author, the major argument, the significance of the theme.
The general theme of the text concerns a religious group that was successful in their quest and in making the world learn about their beliefs even though they were prosectued. The author seems to sympathize with the puritans. The major arguments of the text explain how and that the puritans were faught in the beginning and that there was a rejection that was followed by resistance from the religious group. The theme is significant because the puritans have become a historical legacy and fact.